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Oceniono. / 5. Na podstawie oceny klientów
5.4. HARDWARE
Error Type Errors Detected
Single bit errors 100%
Double bit errors 100%
Odd-numbered errors 100%
Burst errors (<16bits) 100%
Burst errors of exactly 17bits 99.9969%
All other burst errors 99.9984%
Table 5.3: CRC-16: Probabilities of e rrors occurring and being detected.
Data from [12].
5.4 Hardware
Various designs were considered for the RFID readers, with details provided
in the sections below. All designs were constructed on “bread-board” type
prototyping platforms for evaluation. After finalising the designs, prototype
printed circuit boards (PCBs) were laid-out and the boards cut to evaluate
the readers’ performance.
5.4.1 Initial Considerations and Design Options
Many manufacturers provide low-cost application specific (ASIC) RFID reader
ICs
2
, however, devices which operate at the required frequencies were not
locally available for evaluation at the time of this proj ect. Furthermore,
an article in the October 2005 edition of Elektor Electronics by Martin
Ossmann provided a base design for a microprocessor-based RFID reader[13].
Unfortunately, it was designed around an Atmel AT90S1200 microprocessor
which did not have local support. The ideas were well explained in the
article, however, and a similar system based on Microchip’s PIC 18F series
of processors was successfully constructed.
The RFID readers need to force as much power into the antenna as
possible during the charging phase. Thus, it is desirable to have a high
drive voltage. 12V Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) batteries are popular choices for
battery backup, and this has been chosen as the primary system voltage to
2
Including Texas Instruments, Philips, Atmel, Microchip and ID MOS.
30
- Low Cost 1
- Penguin RFID Reader 1
- Abstract 2
- Acknowledgements 3
- Declaration 4
- Contents 5
- List of Figures 9
- List of Tables 11
- Glossary 12
- Chapter 1 15
- Introduction 15
- 1.3 Project Timeframe 16
- 1.5 Project Challenges 18
- 1.6 Report Structure 20
- Chapter 2 21
- Analysis of Existing Solution 21
- 2.2 Power Supply 23
- 2.4 Data Delivery 25
- Chapter 3 26
- Device Specification 26
- Chapter 4 29
- Overview of Proposed Solution 29
- 4.3 Uplink Module 31
- 4.4 Interconnections 32
- 4.5 Power Supply 32
- Chapter 5 33
- RFID Reader Design 33
- 5.1.3 Operating Frequency 37
- 5.3.1 64 Data Bits 42
- 5.3.2 CRC Verification 42
- 5.4 Hardware 43
- 5.4. HARDWARE 49
- 5.4.5 Processor 53
- 5.4.6 Interface 56
- 5.4.7 PCB Layout 56
- 5.5 Software 57
- 5.5.2 Capture Stage 58
- 5.5. SOFTWARE 60
- 5.5.3 Decode Stage 61
- 5.6 Design Evaluation 63
- 5.6.4 Power Consumption 67
- Avnett Kopp, September 2006 69
- ZAR9.50 to 1 Euro 69
- Chapter 6 70
- RFID Co-ordinator 70
- 6.2 Software 71
- 6.2.1 Timers 72
- 6.2.2 RFID Reader Request FSM 72
- 6.3 Evaluation 75
- Chapter 7 76
- Uplink Design 76
- 7.3 Hardware Design 80
- 7.3.2 Processor 83
- 7.3.3 User Interface 84
- 7.3.4 Power Supply 85
- 7.4 Software De sign 88
- Except for the I 89
- Details in Section 7.4.5 89
- 7.4.2 Real Time Clock 90
- 7.4.3 User interface 90
- 7.4.4 Peripheral Poll FSM 91
- 7.4.6 Timer FSM 93
- 7.4.7 GSM FSM 94
- 7.4.8 Report Generation FSM 97
- 7.5 Reliability 98
- 7.5.1 Software 99
- 7.5.2 Hardware 100
- Chapter 8 102
- Power Supply 102
- 8.3 Regulator Selection 103
- 8.4.1 Hardware 107
- 40% of 7.5Ah 110
- 8.4.2 Software 111
- 8.5 Measurements 113
- 8.6 Conclusion 114
- Chapter 9 115
- Enclosure Selection and 115
- Mounting Methods 115
- 9.2 Recommendations 116
- Chapter 10 118
- South African Regulations 118
- 10.1 GSM Module 119
- 10.2 RFID Readers 119
- Chapter 11 120
- Conclusion and System 120
- Evaluation 120
- Appendix A 122
- Appendix: RFID Receiver 122
- DUAL-CHANNEL RECEIVER 123
- Appendix B 127
- Appendix: RFID Co-ordinator 127
- B.2. PCB LAYOUT 128
- Appendix C 130
- Appendix: Uplink Module 130
- C.2 List of Uplink Commands 131
- C.3 PCB Design 131
- C.3. PCB DESIGN 133
- Appendix D 137
- Appendix: Power Supply 137
- Appendix E 139
- Appendix: Software 139
- References 140
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